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HMS Empress of India (1891)
HMS ''Empress of India'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy and part of the eight-ship class. She was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard on 9 July 1889 and launched by the Duchess of Connaught on 7 May 1891. Initially known as HMS ''Renown'', her name was changed before completion at Chatham on 11 September 1893. She served as the flagship of the second-in-command of the Channel Fleet. She was sunk as a target ship on 4 November 1913 in Lyme Bay.
==Technical characteristics==
HMS ''Empress of India'' was ordered under the Naval Defence Act Programme of 1889. She was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard on 9 July 1889 and launched by the Duchess of Connaught on 7 May 1891. She was then transferred to Chatham, where she was completed in August 1893.〔Burt, pp. 63, 84〕 Initially to be known as ''Renown'', her name was changed before her completion.〔(HMS Empress of India )〕
''Empress of India'' displaced 14,150 tons and was long with a beam of and a draught of 27 feet 6 inches. Engined by Humphrys and Tennant she produced and could make . At full strength she carried a complement of 712. At the time of their completion, she and the other ships in her class were perhaps the best all-round battleships in the world. Their greater freeboard enhanced their sea going capabilities, enabling them to engage the enemy in rougher seas than previous designs, an important consideration in the North Sea and North Atlantic; however, they tended to develop a heavy roll in some conditions, and after rolled badly in heavy seas in 1893, the class was nicknamed the "Rolling Ressies," a name which stuck even though the problem was quickly corrected by the fitting of bilge keels.〔 The ships were also faster and better armoured than their predecessors and carried a potent secondary armament but these features inevitably increased their weight, with previous battleships seldom topping 10,000 tonnes.〔(Royal Sovereign Class Battleship - HMS Royal Sovereign, Ramillies, Royal Oak, Repulse, Revenge, Resolution, Empress of India )〕 Her main armament consisted of four 13.5-inch (343-mm) guns in two barbettes with a secondary set of ten 6-inch (152-mm) guns. She also sported an array of smaller guns and seven 18-inch (457-mm) torpedo tubes. She had a partial belt of 18-inch- (457-mm-) thick steel.
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